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2023-04-30
SSM开发环境搭建（小白自用）前言将SSM作为后端的的一个项目即将完工，在开发过程中踩了很多坑，与此同时也学习到了新知识，有了不小收获。在遇到麻烦和解决麻烦的路上，受到了很多分享教程博主的帮助。为了将帮助延续下去，我也将自己SSM环境配置的过程做了简单的纪录、分享。系统软件版本Windows 10 专业版 22H2IntelliJ IDEA 2022.3.3MySQL 8.0.32Java 19.0.2Spring 6.0.6MyBatis 3.5.13Tomcat 11.0.0（软件系统版本不用完全一致，不同版本之间可能会出现一定程度的兼容性问题，可在有问题时在寻找对应版本的解决办法）新建项目及项目配置新建项目使用IDEA新建一个空的默认Maven项目，并新建Java包完善SSM项目架构。在新建controller包（表现层）、dao包（持久层）、service包（业务层）在resources下新建db（存放数据库相关配置文件）、log（存放日志相关配置文件）、spring（存放与spring与其他整合相关配置文件）修改Maven配置文件使用默认Maven配置文件，在下载包时会比较慢，我们可以修改配置文件使用国内镜像来加速下载IDEA内修改路径为File->Settings->Builde,Execution,Deployment->Maven可以修改默认的文件，也可以重新使用一个自定义的配置文件，笔者这里使用了重新新建一个配置文件的方法。其中settings.xml文件中内容如下：<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>   <settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.2.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.2.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.2.0.xsd">     <pluginGroups>  </pluginGroups>  <proxies>  </proxies>  <servers>   </servers>  <mirrors>  <mirror> <id>aliment</id> <name>aliyah maven</name> <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> </mirror> <mirror> <id>uk</id> <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name> <url>https://uk.maven.org/maven2/</url> </mirror> <mirror> <id>CN</id> <name>OSChina Central</name> <url>https://maven.oschina.net/content/groups/public/</url> <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> </mirror> <mirror> <id>nexus</id> <name>internal nexus repository</name>  <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url> <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> </mirror> </mirrors>  <profiles>   </profiles>  </settings> 只是修改了mirrors部分，使用了阿里云镜像加速国内下载速度。设置项目所需包修改pom.xml文件，以下内容为本人使用成功的配置文件内容，仅作参考<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.mango</groupId> <artifactId>ssmTest</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties>  <maven.compiler.source>19</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>19</maven.compiler.target> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>  <spring.version>6.0.6</spring.version> <slf4j.version>2.0.5</slf4j.version> <mysql.version>8.0.32</mysql.version> <mybatis.version>3.5.13</mybatis.version> </properties> <dependencies>  <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.9.19</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.13.2</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>c3p0</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.1.2</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId> <artifactId>javax.annotation-api</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.version}</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>6.0.6</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>3.0.1</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>2.20.0</version> <type>pom</type> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency>   <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> <version>2.14.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>2.14.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.14.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.jr</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-jr-all</artifactId> <version>2.14.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>2.0.25</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>1.2.16</version> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId> <version>3.0.4</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> </resource> </resources> </build> </project>添加Web模块File->Project Structure->Modules如图操作添加后内容保持默认，确认后即可导入web模块安装Tomcat可以参考以下教程{% link Wxy1122.,[IntelliJ IDEA中配置Tomcat（超详细）_idea配置tomcat_Wxy1122.的博客-CSDN博客,https://blog.csdn.net/Wxy971122/article/details/123508532 %}SSM配置文件jdbc配置文件在resources->db下新建jdbc.properties文件，其中内容参考如下jdbc.driver = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xxx?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT jdbc.username = root jdbc.password = root由于使用的MySQL版本为8，所以驱动才使用为com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver，由于没有在MySQL中做过测试，不能确定在MySQL 5中也能正常使用jdbc.url中的xxx用自己数据库名称替换新建mybatis控制文件在db下新建mybatis.xml文件由于大部分和MyBatis相关配置文件都会和Spring的配置文件整合到一起，这里的Mybatis控制文件只起到辅助作用，参考代码如下：<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration>  <settings> <setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/>  <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/> </settings> </configuration> Spring整合MyBatis在resources->spring下新建applicationContext.xml文件，将Spring和MyBatis配置文件整合在一起，参考代码如下：<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">  <context:component-scan base-package="com.mango">  <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> </context:component-scan>  <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="location" value="classpath:db/jdbc.properties" /> </bean>   <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/> <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/> </bean>  <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">  <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:db/mybatis.xml"/>  <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.mango.entity"/> </bean>  <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">  <property name="basePackage" value="com.mango.dao"/> </bean>    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> </bean>  <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="*" isolation="DEFAULT"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice>  <aop:config>   <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.mango.service.impl.*.*(..))" id="pt1"/>  <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pt1"/> </aop:config> </beans> Springmvc配置文件在resources->spring下新建springmvc.xml文件<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">  <context:component-scan base-package="com.mango.controller" />  <context:component-scan base-package="com.mango" use-default-filters="false">  <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />  <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" /> </context:component-scan>  <mvc:annotation-driven />  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"> <property name="messageConverters"> <list> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"> <property name="supportedMediaTypes"> <list> <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value> <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value> <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value> </list> </property> </bean> </list> </property> </bean>  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> </beans> web模块控制文件编辑web->WEB-INF->web.xml文件，内容如下<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1">  <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> <async-supported>true</async-supported> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>  <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener>  <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> </web-app> 日志配置在resources->log下新建log4j.propertieslog4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, stdout log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p %d %C: %m%n log4j.logger.java.sql.ResultSet=INFO log4j.logger.org.apache=INFO log4j.logger.java.sql.Connection=DEBUG log4j.logger.java.sql.Statement=DEBUG log4j.logger.java.sql.PreparedStatement=DEBUG测试在test->java下更具需求新建测试类新建测试数据库test，其中有表student（id，name，age）在之前新建的entity包中新建Student的实现类(getter、setter方法以省略)package com.mango.entity; public class Student { private int id; private String name; private String age; @Override public String toString() { return "Student{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", age='" + age + '\'' + '}'; } } 对Spring和MyBatis整合配置测试在包dao中新建学生接口StudentDao.javapackage com.mango.dao; import com.mango.entity.Student; import java.util.List; public interface StudentDao { public List<Student> findAll(); }在同样位置新建同名mapper文件StudentDao.xml<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">  <mapper namespace="com.mango.dao.StudentDao">  <select id="findAll">SELECT * FROM Student</select> </mapper>在service包中新建service接口和实现类学生业务层接口StudentService.javapackage com.mango.service; import com.mango.entity.Student; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.List; //千万不要忘记添加Service注解 @Service public interface StudentService { public List<Student> findAll(); }实现类StudentServiceImpl.javapackage com.mango.service.impl; import com.mango.dao.StudentDao; import com.mango.entity.Student; import com.mango.service.StudentService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.List; @Service public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService { @Autowired private StudentDao studentDao; public List<Student> findAll(){ return studentDao.findAll(); } }在test中新建Spring和MyBatis整合测试代码SpringMyBatis.javaimport com.mango.entity.Student; import com.mango.service.StudentService; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import java.util.List; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations="classpath:spring/applicationContext.xml") public class SpringMyBatis { @Autowired private StudentService studentService; @Test public void test(){ List<Student> studentList=studentService.findAll(); for (Student student:studentList){ System.out.println(student.toString()); } } } 测试成功Spring整合SpringMVC测试在Controller包中新建StudentController.javapackage com.mango.controller; import com.mango.service.StudentService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; //千万不要忘记@Controller @Controller @RequestMapping public class StudentController { @Autowired private StudentService studentService; @RequestMapping(value = "/test" ,method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public Object test(){ return studentService.findAll(); } } 将项目打包File->Project Structure->Artifacts如果有出现部分包不完全可以下图操作修改Tomcat配置（已正确安装Tomcat的情况下）启动Tomcat后在浏览器中访问localhost:8080/test 不报错有返回值，说明Spring整合SpringMVC配置成功。
- 2023年04月30日
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